Jacques-Louis David: Napoleon Crossing the St Bernhard Pass, 1802/1803

Revolutions

1792–1848

A time of violent convulsions: the French Revolution sends shockwaves across Europe, Napoleon changes the political map of Europe for good and the Austrian Empire rises from the ashes of the Holy Roman Empire. The spirit of French republicanism combines with the Romantic enthusiasm for the idea of nationhood and leads to uprisings throughout Europe in 1848/49.